Exploring human body systems and homeostatic balance.

• Layers of the skin (Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis)
• Functions of skin: Protection, regulation, sensation
• Hair, nails, and gland structures

Establishes the body's primary protective barrier and external interface.

• Structure and function of bones
• Axial vs. Appendicular skeleton
• Bone formation, growth, and repair

Provides the framework for body support, protection, and mineral storage.

• Joint types, articulation, and movement
• Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage health
• Skeletal system disorders and bone remodeling

Deepens understanding of mobility and structural integrity.

• Three types of muscle tissue: Smooth, Cardiac, and Skeletal
• Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

Connects structural framework to voluntary and involuntary movement.

• Muscle pairs, contraction mechanics, and muscle fatigue
• Energy sources for muscle contraction

National Vacation scheduled on Sep 23 & 24.

• Neuron structure: Dendrites, Axon, Myelin Sheath
• Action potentials and nerve impulse transmission

Introduces the cell types responsible for fast internal communications.

• Synapses, neurotransmitters, and signal conduction
• Reflex arcs and automatic responses

Explains how chemical and electrical signals transmit information.

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and Spinal Cord
• Functions of the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem

Maps out the processing centers for information and control.

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Somatic vs Autonomic
• Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic divisions

Distinguishes between voluntary actions and automatic homeostasis.

• Sensory receptors (mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors)
• Mechanisms of vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch

Explores how the brain perceives and interprets external stimuli.

• Impact of stimulants, depressants, and toxins on synapses
• Addiction, tolerance, and neurological health

Connects neurobiology to chemical impacts on behavior and health.

• Heart structure, chambers, and cardiac cycle
• Blood vessels: Arteries, Capillaries, Veins

Foundation for understanding internal transport and oxygen delivery.

• Components of blood: Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
• Blood pressure, circulation loops, and lymphatic system

Details transport of nutrients, gases, and immune defense components.

• No classes scheduled

Mid-semester rest and reflection period.

• Structure of respiratory tract: Nasal cavity, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli
• Gas exchange mechanisms (O2 and CO2 diffusion)

Explains how oxygen enters the body and waste gas is expelled.

• Mechanics of breathing (Inspiration and Expiration)
• Regulation of respiration and respiratory health

Connects chest mechanics to internal cellular gas needs.

• Structure and function of Kidneys and Nephrons
• Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and urine formation

Illustrates how metabolic waste is filtered and fluid balance is kept.

• Comprehensive review of Modules 22, 23, and 24
• Exam preparation strategies and practice tests

Prepares students for upcoming comprehensive semester assessments.

• Semester 1 final assessment period begins

Evaluates overall understanding of Semester 1 biology concepts.

• Final exam period concludes
• Semester wrap-up

Closing period for Semester 1 evaluation.